{ "meta": { "n": 95, "surveyDate": "2026-05-20", "anonymization": "Direct identifiers removed. Per-participant IDs are synthetic P001–P095. Open-text responses are theme-coded only; raw open-text answers are not exposed in the dashboard." }, "priorExperience": [ { "key": "ai_assistant", "label": "Used AI assistant before", "yes": 95, "no": 0, "yesPct": 100.0 }, { "key": "media_tools", "label": "Used AI media/design tools before", "yes": 69, "no": 26, "yesPct": 72.6 }, { "key": "digital_content", "label": "Created HR/recruitment/branding content before", "yes": 21, "no": 74, "yesPct": 22.1 }, { "key": "app_sketch", "label": "Built or sketched website/app/chatbot before", "yes": 18, "no": 77, "yesPct": 18.9 } ], "likert": [ { "key": "genai_hrm", "label": "GenAI in Digital HRM", "mean": 3.55, "sd": 0.8, "low": 10, "neutral": 26, "high": 59, "lowPct": 10.5, "neutralPct": 27.4, "highPct": 62.1, "distribution": { "1": 2, "2": 8, "3": 26, "4": 54, "5": 5 } }, { "key": "ai_use_cases", "label": "Practical AI use cases", "mean": 3.54, "sd": 0.83, "low": 9, "neutral": 29, "high": 57, "lowPct": 9.5, "neutralPct": 30.5, "highPct": 60.0, "distribution": { "1": 3, "2": 6, "3": 29, "4": 51, "5": 6 } }, { "key": "social_branding", "label": "Social media employer branding", "mean": 3.52, "sd": 0.77, "low": 10, "neutral": 29, "high": 56, "lowPct": 10.5, "neutralPct": 30.5, "highPct": 58.9, "distribution": { "1": 1, "2": 9, "3": 29, "4": 52, "5": 4 } }, { "key": "gamification", "label": "Gamification in HRM", "mean": 3.05, "sd": 0.92, "low": 24, "neutral": 41, "high": 30, "lowPct": 25.3, "neutralPct": 43.2, "highPct": 31.6, "distribution": { "1": 5, "2": 19, "3": 41, "4": 26, "5": 4 } }, { "key": "iot_sensors", "label": "IoT / workplace sensors", "mean": 3.17, "sd": 0.93, "low": 27, "neutral": 26, "high": 42, "lowPct": 28.4, "neutralPct": 27.4, "highPct": 44.2, "distribution": { "1": 2, "2": 25, "3": 26, "4": 39, "5": 3 } }, { "key": "ai_drafting", "label": "AI drafting HR content", "mean": 3.43, "sd": 0.98, "low": 19, "neutral": 22, "high": 54, "lowPct": 20.0, "neutralPct": 23.2, "highPct": 56.8, "distribution": { "1": 3, "2": 16, "3": 22, "4": 45, "5": 9 } }, { "key": "campaign_ideation", "label": "AI campaign ideation", "mean": 3.15, "sd": 0.97, "low": 24, "neutral": 33, "high": 38, "lowPct": 25.3, "neutralPct": 34.7, "highPct": 40.0, "distribution": { "1": 5, "2": 19, "3": 33, "4": 33, "5": 5 } }, { "key": "vibe_coding", "label": "Vibe coding / app concept", "mean": 2.86, "sd": 1.0, "low": 32, "neutral": 40, "high": 23, "lowPct": 33.7, "neutralPct": 42.1, "highPct": 24.2, "distribution": { "1": 9, "2": 23, "3": 40, "4": 18, "5": 5 } }, { "key": "ai_media_storyboard", "label": "AI media storyboard", "mean": 3.35, "sd": 0.98, "low": 20, "neutral": 25, "high": 50, "lowPct": 21.1, "neutralPct": 26.3, "highPct": 52.6, "distribution": { "1": 4, "2": 16, "3": 25, "4": 43, "5": 7 } }, { "key": "responsible_ai", "label": "Responsible AI risk diagnosis", "mean": 3.07, "sd": 0.97, "low": 28, "neutral": 30, "high": 37, "lowPct": 29.5, "neutralPct": 31.6, "highPct": 38.9, "distribution": { "1": 5, "2": 23, "3": 30, "4": 34, "5": 3 } }, { "key": "human_judgment", "label": "Human judgment in HR AI", "mean": 3.26, "sd": 0.84, "low": 16, "neutral": 37, "high": 42, "lowPct": 16.8, "neutralPct": 38.9, "highPct": 44.2, "distribution": { "1": 3, "2": 13, "3": 37, "4": 40, "5": 2 } }, { "key": "prototype_confidence", "label": "Team prototype confidence", "mean": 3.37, "sd": 0.97, "low": 17, "neutral": 25, "high": 53, "lowPct": 17.9, "neutralPct": 26.3, "highPct": 55.8, "distribution": { "1": 6, "2": 11, "3": 25, "4": 48, "5": 5 } } ], "domains": [ { "domain": "AI literacy", "mean": 3.54, "pct": 70.8, "lowCount": 13 }, { "domain": "Digital branding", "mean": 3.33, "pct": 66.6, "lowCount": 19 }, { "domain": "Gameful + sensor HR", "mean": 3.11, "pct": 62.2, "lowCount": 28 }, { "domain": "AI content + media", "mean": 3.39, "pct": 67.8, "lowCount": 19 }, { "domain": "Vibe prototyping", "mean": 3.12, "pct": 62.3, "lowCount": 25 }, { "domain": "Responsible AI", "mean": 3.17, "pct": 63.4, "lowCount": 26 } ], "knowledge": { "mean": 10.03, "median": 11, "min": 4, "max": 12, "fullScore": 34, "tenPlus": 64 }, "mcq": [ { "key": "genai_definition", "label": "Generative AI definition", "correct": 87, "incorrect": 8, "correctPct": 91.6, "expected": "A type of AI that can create new content such as text, images, audio, or video.", "responses": [ { "option": "A type of AI that can create new content such as text, images, audio, or video.", "count": 87, "pct": 91.6, "correct": true }, { "option": "A payroll system that works without human input.", "count": 6, "pct": 6.3, "correct": false }, { "option": "A technology used only for storing employee records.", "count": 2, "pct": 2.1, "correct": false } ] }, { "key": "appropriate_ai_task", "label": "Appropriate AI-assisted HR task", "correct": 71, "incorrect": 24, "correctPct": 74.7, "expected": "Using AI to draft an onboarding welcome message for human review.", "responses": [ { "option": "Using AI to draft an onboarding welcome message for human review.", "count": 71, "pct": 74.7, "correct": true }, { "option": "Using AI to secretly monitor all employee conversations.", "count": 13, "pct": 13.7, "correct": false }, { "option": "Allowing AI to make the final dismissal decision without review.", "count": 7, "pct": 7.4, "correct": false }, { "option": "Letting AI decide promotions without any manager input.", "count": 4, "pct": 4.2, "correct": false } ] }, { "key": "employer_branding", "label": "Social media employer branding", "correct": 86, "incorrect": 9, "correctPct": 90.5, "expected": "Using digital channels to shape how potential and current employees view the organization as an employer.", "responses": [ { "option": "Using digital channels to shape how potential and current employees view the organization as an employer.", "count": 86, "pct": 90.5, "correct": true }, { "option": "Replacing recruitment interviews with online games.", "count": 4, "pct": 4.2, "correct": false }, { "option": "Posting only salary information on a company website.", "count": 3, "pct": 3.2, "correct": false }, { "option": "Tracking employee attendance through biometric devices.", "count": 2, "pct": 2.1, "correct": false } ] }, { "key": "gamification_definition", "label": "Gamification definition", "correct": 72, "incorrect": 23, "correctPct": 75.8, "expected": "Using game-like elements such as points, badges, challenges, or leaderboards to increase engagement.", "responses": [ { "option": "Using game-like elements such as points, badges, challenges, or leaderboards to increase engagement.", "count": 72, "pct": 75.8, "correct": true }, { "option": "Creating entertainment programs for employees only.", "count": 9, "pct": 9.5, "correct": false }, { "option": "Using AI to write confidential contracts.", "count": 8, "pct": 8.4, "correct": false }, { "option": "Turning all HR policies into computer code.", "count": 6, "pct": 6.3, "correct": false } ] }, { "key": "iot_definition", "label": "IoT definition", "correct": 75, "incorrect": 20, "correctPct": 78.9, "expected": "Devices and sensors that collect and share data from the physical work environment.", "responses": [ { "option": "Devices and sensors that collect and share data from the physical work environment.", "count": 75, "pct": 78.9, "correct": true }, { "option": "A social media platform for recruiters.", "count": 13, "pct": 13.7, "correct": false }, { "option": "A method of writing job descriptions.", "count": 6, "pct": 6.3, "correct": false }, { "option": "A tool that automatically replaces managers.", "count": 1, "pct": 1.1, "correct": false } ] }, { "key": "synthetic_media", "label": "Synthetic media", "correct": 90, "incorrect": 5, "correctPct": 94.7, "expected": "AI-generated images, avatars, voice, or video used for communication and learning content.", "responses": [ { "option": "AI-generated images, avatars, voice, or video used for communication and learning content.", "count": 90, "pct": 94.7, "correct": true }, { "option": "Only printed employee handbooks.", "count": 2, "pct": 2.1, "correct": false }, { "option": "A paper-based recruitment campaign.", "count": 2, "pct": 2.1, "correct": false }, { "option": "Manual filing of interview notes.", "count": 1, "pct": 1.1, "correct": false } ] }, { "key": "vibe_coding_definition", "label": "Vibe coding", "correct": 80, "incorrect": 15, "correctPct": 84.2, "expected": "Prompting digital tools to quickly prototype a basic website, app, or interface idea.", "responses": [ { "option": "Prompting digital tools to quickly prototype a basic website, app, or interface idea.", "count": 80, "pct": 84.2, "correct": true }, { "option": "Using a mood survey to measure employee feelings.", "count": 10, "pct": 10.5, "correct": false }, { "option": "Writing advanced software from scratch using a programming language only.", "count": 4, "pct": 4.2, "correct": false }, { "option": "Auditing payroll errors in spreadsheets.", "count": 1, "pct": 1.1, "correct": false } ] }, { "key": "responsible_ai", "label": "Responsible AI statement", "correct": 80, "incorrect": 15, "correctPct": 84.2, "expected": "AI can support HR work, but important decisions still require human judgment and accountability.", "responses": [ { "option": "AI can support HR work, but important decisions still require human judgment and accountability.", "count": 80, "pct": 84.2, "correct": true }, { "option": "AI outputs should be accepted immediately because machines are objective.", "count": 10, "pct": 10.5, "correct": false }, { "option": "AI should replace human judgment in all people-related decisions.", "count": 4, "pct": 4.2, "correct": false }, { "option": "AI should only be used by IT staff and never by HR staff.", "count": 1, "pct": 1.1, "correct": false } ] }, { "key": "recruitment_bias", "label": "Recruitment bias risk", "correct": 67, "incorrect": 28, "correctPct": 70.5, "expected": "Reproduce bias from poor-quality or historically biased data.", "responses": [ { "option": "Reproduce bias from poor-quality or historically biased data.", "count": 67, "pct": 70.5, "correct": true }, { "option": "Guarantee that the best candidate is always selected.", "count": 16, "pct": 16.8, "correct": false }, { "option": "Automatically improve fairness in every case.", "count": 7, "pct": 7.4, "correct": false }, { "option": "Remove the need for job analysis.", "count": 5, "pct": 5.3, "correct": false } ] }, { "key": "data_privacy", "label": "Data privacy before public AI", "correct": 84, "incorrect": 11, "correctPct": 88.4, "expected": "Privacy, confidentiality, consent, and data protection.", "responses": [ { "option": "Privacy, confidentiality, consent, and data protection.", "count": 84, "pct": 88.4, "correct": true }, { "option": "The number of emojis in the prompt.", "count": 6, "pct": 6.3, "correct": false }, { "option": "Whether the office has a projector.", "count": 4, "pct": 4.2, "correct": false }, { "option": "Font size and slide design.", "count": 1, "pct": 1.1, "correct": false } ] }, { "key": "human_in_loop", "label": "Human-in-the-loop", "correct": 82, "incorrect": 13, "correctPct": 86.3, "expected": "Humans review, approve, interpret, or override AI-supported outputs and decisions.", "responses": [ { "option": "Humans review, approve, interpret, or override AI-supported outputs and decisions.", "count": 82, "pct": 86.3, "correct": true }, { "option": "Managers are not allowed to question AI results.", "count": 7, "pct": 7.4, "correct": false }, { "option": "All HR tasks are completed manually without technology.", "count": 6, "pct": 6.3, "correct": false } ] }, { "key": "safe_classroom_data", "label": "Safest classroom data", "correct": 79, "incorrect": 16, "correctPct": 83.2, "expected": "Synthetic or fictional HR data prepared for learning purposes.", "responses": [ { "option": "Synthetic or fictional HR data prepared for learning purposes.", "count": 79, "pct": 83.2, "correct": true }, { "option": "Real medical data from staff members.", "count": 8, "pct": 8.4, "correct": false }, { "option": "Real disciplinary records from current employees.", "count": 7, "pct": 7.4, "correct": false }, { "option": "Confidential salary data from a local company.", "count": 1, "pct": 1.1, "correct": false } ] } ], "misconceptions": [ { "label": "Recruitment bias misconception", "count": 28, "pct": 29.5 }, { "label": "Delegation/surveillance in HR task", "count": 24, "pct": 25.3 }, { "label": "Unsafe classroom data choice", "count": 16, "pct": 16.8 }, { "label": "Responsible AI objectivity/automation misconception", "count": 15, "pct": 15.8 }, { "label": "Human-in-the-loop misconception", "count": 13, "pct": 13.7 } ], "openThemes": { "genaiUsefulActivity": [ { "theme": "Recruitment / CV screening / selection", "count": 78, "pct": 82.1 }, { "theme": "Communication / emails / chatbot", "count": 18, "pct": 18.9 }, { "theme": "Employer branding / content", "count": 13, "pct": 13.7 }, { "theme": "Training / L&D", "count": 10, "pct": 10.5 }, { "theme": "Other / unclear", "count": 8, "pct": 8.4 }, { "theme": "Onboarding", "count": 5, "pct": 5.3 }, { "theme": "Administrative automation", "count": 2, "pct": 2.1 }, { "theme": "HR analytics / decision support", "count": 2, "pct": 2.1 } ], "ethicalRisk": [ { "theme": "Bias / discrimination", "count": 69, "pct": 72.6 }, { "theme": "Other / unclear", "count": 16, "pct": 16.8 }, { "theme": "Loss of human judgment / empathy", "count": 11, "pct": 11.6 }, { "theme": "Privacy / confidentiality", "count": 10, "pct": 10.5 }, { "theme": "Legal / accountability", "count": 5, "pct": 5.3 }, { "theme": "Inaccuracy / hallucination", "count": 1, "pct": 1.1 }, { "theme": "Surveillance / monitoring", "count": 1, "pct": 1.1 } ], "socialMediaUse": [ { "theme": "Employee stories and achievements", "count": 55, "pct": 57.9 }, { "theme": "Workplace culture and events", "count": 53, "pct": 55.8 }, { "theme": "Recruitment attraction", "count": 49, "pct": 51.6 }, { "theme": "Learning / communication communities", "count": 39, "pct": 41.1 }, { "theme": "Employee recognition and engagement", "count": 38, "pct": 40.0 }, { "theme": "Brand awareness / reputation", "count": 34, "pct": 35.8 }, { "theme": "Other / unclear", "count": 14, "pct": 14.7 } ], "notDelegate": [ { "theme": "Ethical sensitive decisions", "count": 61, "pct": 64.2 }, { "theme": "Termination / dismissal", "count": 54, "pct": 56.8 }, { "theme": "Final hiring / selection", "count": 22, "pct": 23.2 }, { "theme": "Other / unclear", "count": 10, "pct": 10.5 }, { "theme": "Discipline / grievance", "count": 4, "pct": 4.2 }, { "theme": "Promotion / compensation", "count": 3, "pct": 3.2 }, { "theme": "Performance evaluation", "count": 3, "pct": 3.2 } ], "learningHopes": [ { "theme": "Practical AI in HRM", "count": 78, "pct": 82.1 }, { "theme": "Tools and platforms", "count": 32, "pct": 33.7 }, { "theme": "Career readiness / future work", "count": 32, "pct": 33.7 }, { "theme": "Digital HRM knowledge", "count": 27, "pct": 28.4 }, { "theme": "Responsible / ethical AI", "count": 25, "pct": 26.3 }, { "theme": "General AI knowledge", "count": 23, "pct": 24.2 }, { "theme": "Recruitment and onboarding", "count": 20, "pct": 21.1 }, { "theme": "Vibe coding / app design", "count": 15, "pct": 15.8 }, { "theme": "Content / communication", "count": 10, "pct": 10.5 }, { "theme": "Other / unclear", "count": 7, "pct": 7.4 }, { "theme": "Gamification / IoT", "count": 1, "pct": 1.1 } ] }, "correlations": [ { "x": "media_tools", "y": "Knowledge score", "r": 0.28 }, { "x": "media_tools", "y": "AI content + media", "r": 0.28 }, { "x": "media_tools", "y": "Misconception count", "r": -0.26 }, { "x": "digital_content", "y": "Digital branding", "r": 0.25 }, { "x": "digital_content", "y": "Overall readiness", "r": 0.22 }, { "x": "app_sketch", "y": "Vibe prototyping", "r": 0.22 }, { "x": "app_sketch", "y": "Responsible AI", "r": 0.21 } ], "segments": [ { "name": "All respondents", "count": 95, "readiness": 65.5, "knowledge": 83.6, "misconceptions": 1.01, "domains": { "AI literacy": 3.54, "Digital branding": 3.33, "Gameful + sensor HR": 3.11, "AI content + media": 3.39, "Vibe prototyping": 3.12, "Responsible AI": 3.17 } }, { "name": "AI media tool users", "count": 69, "readiness": 66.9, "knowledge": 86.7, "misconceptions": 0.81, "domains": { "AI literacy": 3.62, "Digital branding": 3.37, "Gameful + sensor HR": 3.18, "AI content + media": 3.54, "Vibe prototyping": 3.14, "Responsible AI": 3.21 } }, { "name": "No AI media tool experience", "count": 26, "readiness": 62.0, "knowledge": 75.3, "misconceptions": 1.54, "domains": { "AI literacy": 3.33, "Digital branding": 3.23, "Gameful + sensor HR": 2.92, "AI content + media": 3.0, "Vibe prototyping": 3.06, "Responsible AI": 3.06 } }, { "name": "Prior HR digital content creators", "count": 21, "readiness": 70.7, "knowledge": 84.9, "misconceptions": 0.9, "domains": { "AI literacy": 3.74, "Digital branding": 3.69, "Gameful + sensor HR": 3.38, "AI content + media": 3.67, "Vibe prototyping": 3.36, "Responsible AI": 3.38 } }, { "name": "No prior HR digital content", "count": 74, "readiness": 64.1, "knowledge": 83.2, "misconceptions": 1.04, "domains": { "AI literacy": 3.49, "Digital branding": 3.23, "Gameful + sensor HR": 3.03, "AI content + media": 3.31, "Vibe prototyping": 3.05, "Responsible AI": 3.11 } }, { "name": "Prior app/chatbot sketchers", "count": 18, "readiness": 70.3, "knowledge": 86.6, "misconceptions": 0.94, "domains": { "AI literacy": 3.72, "Digital branding": 3.58, "Gameful + sensor HR": 3.17, "AI content + media": 3.61, "Vibe prototyping": 3.5, "Responsible AI": 3.5 } }, { "name": "No app/chatbot sketching", "count": 77, "readiness": 64.4, "knowledge": 82.9, "misconceptions": 1.03, "domains": { "AI literacy": 3.5, "Digital branding": 3.27, "Gameful + sensor HR": 3.1, "AI content + media": 3.34, "Vibe prototyping": 3.03, "Responsible AI": 3.09 } }, { "name": "Responsible-AI support needed", "count": 47, "readiness": 59.3, "knowledge": 74.6, "misconceptions": 1.66, "domains": { "AI literacy": 3.29, "Digital branding": 3.03, "Gameful + sensor HR": 2.89, "AI content + media": 2.96, "Vibe prototyping": 2.84, "Responsible AI": 2.77 } }, { "name": "Prototype-confidence support needed", "count": 35, "readiness": 53.5, "knowledge": 82.6, "misconceptions": 1.06, "domains": { "AI literacy": 3.17, "Digital branding": 2.69, "Gameful + sensor HR": 2.47, "AI content + media": 2.77, "Vibe prototyping": 2.3, "Responsible AI": 2.64 } } ], "literatureBenchmarks": [ { "theme": "AI in HRM: promise–reality gap", "surveyFinding": "Students show 100% exposure to AI assistants and moderate self-rated AI-HRM literacy, but lower applied readiness in prototyping, gamification, IoT, and responsible-AI risk recognition.", "literatureFinding": "AI-HRM literature warns that HR data and people decisions are complex: small datasets, fairness/accountability, legal constraints, and employee reactions limit simple automation narratives.", "alignment": "Strong alignment", "teachingImplication": "Move beyond generic tool demos into structured HR use cases, evidence standards, data boundaries, human review, and employee-trust safeguards.", "source": "Tambe, Cappelli, & Yakubovich (2019); Vrontis et al. (2021)", "type": "Peer-reviewed article and systematic review", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/0008125619867910" }, { "theme": "Recruitment bias and algorithmic discrimination", "surveyFinding": "Recruitment dominates open-ended GenAI use cases, but only 70.5% correctly identified biased historical data as a major recruitment-AI risk.", "literatureFinding": "Systematic reviews of algorithmic HR recruitment find that automated decision-making can create unfair treatment, implicit discrimination, and perceived unfairness if data, criteria, and accountability are weak.", "alignment": "Partial alignment with a risk gap", "teachingImplication": "Use a hands-on bias-audit mini-lab showing proxy variables, historical labels, selection-rate differences, and the need for documented human review.", "source": "Köchling & Wehner (2020); Albaroudi, Mansouri, & Alameer (2024)", "type": "Peer-reviewed systematic reviews", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s40685-020-00134-w" }, { "theme": "Responsible AI, DEI, and HR governance", "surveyFinding": "Students frequently mention bias as a risk, but weaker responsible-AI confidence and misconception tails suggest uneven risk knowledge.", "literatureFinding": "Recent HRM-DEI review work finds that AI may improve standardization and accessibility, while also perpetuating systemic bias and accountability risks without explainability, human oversight, participatory design, and governance.", "alignment": "Strong alignment", "teachingImplication": "Make responsible AI a practical design habit in every session, not an isolated theory topic.", "source": "Naoum, Szakadáti, & Balogh (2026)", "type": "Peer-reviewed systematic review", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11301-025-00580-y" }, { "theme": "Students need AI literacy, not just access", "surveyFinding": "All respondents have used AI assistants, but only 22.1% created HR digital content and 18.9% sketched a website, app, or chatbot idea.", "literatureFinding": "Higher-education research on student perceptions of generative AI shows that students need AI literacy: what GenAI is, how it works, its uses, limitations, and ethical principles.", "alignment": "Strong alignment", "teachingImplication": "Use lab-first learning: prompt, prototype, critique, disclose, safeguard, and reflect.", "source": "Chan & Hu (2023)", "type": "Peer-reviewed higher-education study", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-023-00411-8" }, { "theme": "Social media and employer branding", "surveyFinding": "Students show relatively stronger confidence in social-media employer branding, and open responses often mention employee stories, culture, brand reputation, and recruitment communication.", "literatureFinding": "Employer-branding literature links social media, reputation, and applicant intention; potential applicants use digital employer information to form expectations about the organization.", "alignment": "Strong alignment and useful entry point", "teachingImplication": "Use employer branding as a bridge from familiar social media behavior into professional HR communication strategy.", "source": "Hanu, Amegbe, & Opoku Mensah (2021)", "type": "Peer-reviewed employer-branding study", "url": "https://doi.org/10.51415/ajims.v3i1.860" }, { "theme": "Gamification is not just points and badges", "surveyFinding": "Gamification is one of the lowest-confidence areas, with mean confidence 3.05/5.", "literatureFinding": "Gamification research shows that effects depend on design elements, psychological needs, intrinsic motivation, organizational support, and individual preferences; it is not a universal motivational shortcut.", "alignment": "Survey reveals a teachable gap", "teachingImplication": "Teach gamification through HR outcomes, intrinsic motivation, fairness, and avoidance of manipulative over-competition.", "source": "Sailer et al. (2017); Murawski (2020); Zhang et al. (2026)", "type": "Peer-reviewed experimental study, review, and HRM empirical article", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.12.033" }, { "theme": "IoT, workplace sensors, and surveillance boundaries", "surveyFinding": "IoT confidence is lower than social media and GenAI, and 13.7% selected secret employee monitoring as an appropriate AI-assisted HR task.", "literatureFinding": "IoT-HRM literature points to real-time data and operational potential, but also emphasizes privacy and ethics when organizations collect and use worker information.", "alignment": "High-risk teaching priority", "teachingImplication": "Use an ethics tribunal: distinguish safety use cases from surveillance use cases and require consent, purpose limitation, retention rules, and appeal pathways.", "source": "Padhye (2024); Kremer (2022)", "type": "Peer-reviewed IoT-HRM articles", "url": "https://doi.org/10.52783/jier.v4i2.902" }, { "theme": "Human + algorithmic decision convergence", "surveyFinding": "Most students understand human accountability, but some selected AI-made dismissal, promotion, or hidden monitoring decisions as appropriate HR tasks.", "literatureFinding": "Algorithmic HRM research reports support for guidelines that converge human and algorithmic decision-making while retaining the human touch in HRM.", "alignment": "Needs reinforcement", "teachingImplication": "Teach human-in-the-loop as a workflow: reviewer role, approval threshold, evidence trail, escalation path, and employee appeal process.", "source": "Tandon, Dhir, Malik, et al. (2024)", "type": "Peer-reviewed algorithmic HRM article", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.22263" } ], "peerReviewedSources": [ { "short": "Tambe et al. (2019)", "title": "Artificial Intelligence in Human Resources Management: Challenges and a Path Forward", "venue": "California Management Review", "doi": "10.1177/0008125619867910", "role": "AI-HRM promise–reality gap; HR complexity, small data, fairness/accountability and employee-reaction challenges." }, { "short": "Vrontis et al. (2021)", "title": "Artificial intelligence, robotics, advanced technologies and human resource management: A systematic review", "venue": "The International Journal of Human Resource Management", "doi": "10.1080/09585192.2020.1871398", "role": "Systematic review of AI, robotics, advanced technologies and HRM." }, { "short": "Köchling & Wehner (2020)", "title": "Discriminated by an algorithm: a systematic review of discrimination and fairness by algorithmic decision-making in the context of HR recruitment and HR development", "venue": "Business Research", "doi": "10.1007/s40685-020-00134-w", "role": "Recruitment and HR-development ADM risks: unfair treatment, implicit discrimination and perceived unfairness." }, { "short": "Albaroudi et al. (2024)", "title": "A comprehensive review of AI-driven advancements and techniques in automated hiring", "venue": "AI", "doi": "10.3390/ai5010019", "role": "Review of AI hiring tools, bias, privacy, transparency, accountability, and human-machine collaboration." }, { "short": "Naoum et al. (2026)", "title": "Artificial Intelligence (AI) in human resource management (HRM): a systematic review of its dual impact on diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI)", "venue": "Management Review Quarterly", "doi": "10.1007/s11301-025-00580-y", "role": "Dual DEI impact: standardization/objectivity/accessibility versus systemic bias and accountability risk." }, { "short": "Chan & Hu (2023)", "title": "Students’ voices on generative AI: perceptions, benefits, and challenges in higher education", "venue": "International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education", "doi": "10.1186/s41239-023-00411-8", "role": "Student GenAI attitudes, benefits and concerns; AI literacy need." }, { "short": "Hanu et al. (2021)", "title": "Your future employer: Employer branding, reputation, and social media", "venue": "African Journal of Inter/Multidisciplinary Studies", "doi": "10.51415/ajims.v3i1.860", "role": "Employer branding, reputation, social media, and applicant intention." }, { "short": "Sailer et al. (2017)", "title": "How gamification motivates: An experimental study of the effects of specific game design elements on psychological need satisfaction", "venue": "Computers in Human Behavior", "doi": "10.1016/j.chb.2016.12.033", "role": "Effects of game design elements on motivation and psychological needs." }, { "short": "Murawski (2020)", "title": "Gamification in human resource management—Status quo and quo vadis", "venue": "German Journal of Human Resource Management", "doi": "10.1177/2397002220961796", "role": "Peer-reviewed review of gamification applications and outcomes in HRM." }, { "short": "Zhang et al. (2026)", "title": "Gamified human resource management as a driver of employee engagement through intrinsic motivation", "venue": "Frontiers in Psychology", "doi": "10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1746973", "role": "Gamified HRM, intrinsic motivation, employee engagement, and boundary conditions." }, { "short": "Padhye (2024)", "title": "The role of the Internet of Things in improving human resource management practices in marketing companies", "venue": "Journal of Informatics Education and Research", "doi": "10.52783/jier.v4i2.902", "role": "IoT-HRM use cases and privacy/ethics considerations." }, { "short": "Kremer (2022)", "title": "HR practices in the context of the Internet of Things", "venue": "Strategic Management", "doi": "10.5937/straman2110002k", "role": "IoT as connectivity shift relevant to HR practices." }, { "short": "Tandon et al. (2024)", "title": "Exploring the duality of perceptions: Insights into uncertainties, aversion and appreciation towards algorithmic HRM", "venue": "Human Resource Management", "doi": "10.1002/hrm.22263", "role": "Perceptions of algorithmic HRM and need to converge human and algorithmic decision-making while retaining human touch." } ] }